ĐỘNG TỪ THEO SAU BỞI GERUNDS & INFINITIVES

ĐỘNG TỪ THEO SAU BỞI GERUNDS & INFINITIVES

Tổng hợp từ nhiều nguồn

  1. Gerund đóng vai trò Chủ ngữ, tân ngữ /bổ ngữ trong câu:

  • Readinghelps you learn English. Gerungd làm chủ ngữ
  • Her favorite hobby is readingGerund làm bổ ngữ
  • I enjoy readinggerund làm tân ngữ

Gerunds có thể trở thành phủ định negative khi thêm “not” ở trước

  • He enjoys not working.
  • The best thing for your health is not smoking.
  1. Infinitives đóng vai trò Chủ ngữ, tân ngữ /bổ ngữ trong câu.

  • To learnis important. làm chủ ngữ
  • The most important thing is to learnlàm bổ ngữ
  • He wants to learnlàm tân ngữ

Infinitives có thể trở thành phủ định bằng cách thêm not phía trước nó.

  • I decided not to go.
  • The most important thing is not to give up.
  1. Khác biệt giữa gerunds and infinitives

Cả gerunds và infinitives có thể được dùng làm chủ ngữ và bổ ngữ của câu nhưng 90% các trường hợp mọi người chuộng dùng gerund hơn infinitives.

  • Learningis important. Chủ ngữ bình thường
  • To learnis important. chủ ngữ trừu tượng – ít dùng hơn
  • The most important thing is learningbổ ngữ bình thường
  • The most important thing is to learnbổ ngữ trừu tượng – ít dùng hơn

Khi làm tân ngữ thì Gerund và infinitive dùng như nhau và phụ thuộc vào động từ đứng trước đó cần gerund hay infinitives.

  1. Các cấu trúc được theo sau bởi động từ nguyên mẫu không TO:

My father has my brother wash the car for him.

Tom made me face this tragical situation with the girl he abandoned.

His opponent let him win the game easily.

He would rather love a good mannered girl than ate a beautiful girl for fun.

You’d better take every day as you last before the age of 30 if you want to become successful.

5. Các cấu trúc thông dụng được theo sau bởi to- infinitives:

 It (be) + adj (for S.O.) + to inf (cái gì đó như thế nào để ai làm gì)

It was difficult for him to overcome the hardship when he lost his wife.

  • Find sth + adj to inf (cảm thấy như thế nào để làm gì)

I find it impossible to do two jobs well at the same time.

  • It (take) (S.O.) + time + to inf (ai mất bao nhiêu thời gian để làm gì)

It takes 8 hours to go to my hometown by bus.

  • Ask/order/request/advise/tell… O + to inf (yêu cầu ai làm gì)

 They asked us to move to a higher land when the water rose.

  • Too + adj/adv + to inf (quá… nên không thể làm gì)

The car ran too fast to stop at the brink of the cliff.

6. Danh sách các động từ theo sau bởi gerund:

G/NI = verb followed by a gerund OR a noun + an infinitive
S = verb followed by a gerund OR an infinitive with little difference in meaning

Admit          

Thừa nhận

He admitted cheating on the test.

advise [G/NI ]    

Khuyên

The doctor generally advised drinking low-fat milk.

allow [G/NI ]     

Cho phép

Ireland doesn’t allow smoking in bars.

Anticipate   

Đoán

I anticipated arriving late.

Appreciate 

Cảm kích, đánh giá cao

I appreciated her helping me.

Avoid         

Tránh

He avoided talking to her.

begin [S]  

Bắt đầu

I began learning Chinese.

can’t bear [S]

Không chịu được

He can’t bear having so much responsibility.

can’t help   

Không thể không

He can’t help talking so loudly.

can’t see  

Không thể hiểu

I can’t see paying so much money for a car.

can’t stand [S

Không chịu được

He can’t stand her smoking in the office.

cease [S]   

Dừng

The government ceased providing free healthcare.

Complete    

Hoàn thành

He completed renovating the house.

Consider     

Xem xét

She considered moving to New York.

continue [S]

Tiếp tục

He continued talking.

Defend      

Bảo vệ

The lawyer defended her making such statements.

Delay        

Trì hoãn

He delayed doing his taxes.

Deny

Phủ nhận

He denied committing the crime.

Despise

Xem thường

She despises waking up early.

Discuss

Thảo luận

We discussed working at the company.

Dislike

Ghét

She dislikes working after 5 PM.

don’t mind

Không phiền

I don’t mind helping you.

encourage [G/NI ]

Khuyến khích

He encourages eating healthy foods.

Enjoy

Thưởng thức

We enjoy hiking.

finish

Hoàn thành

He finished doing his homework.

hate [S]

Ghét

I hate cleaning the bathroom.

Imagine

Tưởng tượng

He imagines working there one day.

Involve

Liên quan

The job involves traveling to Japan once a month.

Keep

Giữ/ tiếp tục

She kept interrupting me.

like [S]

Thích

She likes listening to music.

love [S]

Yêu

I love swimming.

Mention

Nhắc đến

He mentioned going to that college.

Mind

Phiền

Do you mind waiting here for a few minutes.

Miss

Nhớ

She misses living near the beach.

neglect [S]

Sao nhãng

Sometimes she neglects doing her homework.

permit [G/NI ]

Cho phép

California does not permit smoking in restaurants.

Postpone

Hoãn

He postponed returning to Paris.

Practice

Tập

She practiced singing the song.

prefer [S]

Thích hơn

He prefers sitting at the back of the movie theater.

propose [S]

Đề xuất

I proposed having lunch at the beach.

Recall

Nhớ lại

Tom recalled using his credit card at the store.

Recollect

Nhớ lại

She recollected living in Kenya.

Recommend

Giới thiệu

Tony recommended taking the train.

Report

Tường thuật

He reported her stealing the money.

require [G/NI ]

Yêu cầu

The certificate requires completing two courses.

Resent

Ghét

Nick resented Debbie’s being there.

Resist

Chống lại

He resisted asking for help.

Risk

Mạo hiểm

He risked being caught.

start [S]

Bắt đầu

He started studying harder.

Suggest

Đề nghị

They suggested staying at the hotel.

Tolerate

Chịu đựng/ khoan hồng

I tolerated her talking.

Understand

Hiểu

I understand his quitting.

urge [G/NI ]

Thúc giục

They urge recycling bottles and paper.

7. Động từ theo sau bởi Gerunds hoặc Nouns + Infinitives

Advise

khuyên

I advised seeing a doctor.

I advised them to see a doctor.

Allow

Cho phép

Ireland doesn’t allow smoking in bars.

Ireland doesn’t allow people to smoke in bars.

encourage

Khuyến khích

He encourages eating healthy foods.

He encourages his patients to eat healthy foods.

Permit

Cho phép

California doesn’t permit fishing without a fishing license.

California doesn’t permit people to fish without a fishing license.

Require

Yêu cầu

The certificate requires completing two courses.

The certificate requires students to complete two courses.

Urge

Thúc giục

They urge recycling bottles and paper.

They urge citizens to recycle bottles and paper.

8. Động từ theo sau bởi cả Gerunds và Infinitives (nhưng tạo ra nghĩa khác nhau)

Forget

She forgot reading the book when she was a kid. (quên làm gì trong quá khứ)

She forgot to pay the rent this month. (quên làm 1 nghĩa vụ)

Regret

I regretted being late to the interview. (hối tiếc đã làm gì trong quá khứ)

We regret to inform you that your position at the company is being eliminated. (tiếc là phải làm gì ở hiện tại)

remember

I remember mentioning the meeting yesterday. (nhớ đã làm gì trong quá khứ)

He remembered to turn off the lights before he left. (nhớ làm 1 nghĩa vụ)

Stop

He stopped smoking for health reasons. (dừng làm gì)

He stopped to rest for a few minutes. (dừng việc gì để làm 1 việc khác)

Quit

He quit working at ABC company. (bỏ việc, bỏ làm gì)

He quit (ABC) to work for CBA company. (bỏ cái gì để làm 1 cái khác)

Try

She tried eating the snake soup, but she didn’t like it. (thử làm gì)

She tried to climb the tree, but she couldn’t even get off the ground. (cố gắng làm gì)

Need

The house needs cleaning. = The house needs to be cleaned. (cần được làm gì – nghĩa bị động)

He needs to call his boss.
He needs him to call his boss. (cần phải làm gì)

9. Các động từ theo sau bởi Gerund hoặc Infinitives (tạo ra nghĩa giống nhau)

can’t bear

Không thể chịu được

He can’t bear being alone.

He can’t bear to be alone.

can’t stand

Không thể chịu được

Nancy can’t stand working the late shift.

Nancy can’t stand to work the late shift.

Cease

Bãi bỏ/ chấm dứt

The government ceased providing free health care.

The government ceased to provide free health care.

Continue

Tiếp tục

She continued talking.

She continued to talk.

Hate

ghét

He hates cleaning dishes.

He hates to clean dishes.

Like

thích

Samantha likes reading.

Samantha likes to read.

Love

yêu

We love scuba diving.

We love to scuba dive.

Neglect

Phớt lờ

He neglected doing his daily chores.

He neglected to do his daily chores.

Prefer

Thích hơn

He prefers eating at 7 PM.

He prefers to eat at 7 PM.

Propose

Đề xuất

Drew proposed paying for the trip.

Drew proposed to pay for the trip.

Start/begin

Bắt đầu

It starts/begins raining.

It starts/begins to rain.

10. Những cụm từ theo sau bởi VERB+ING

have (some) problems

He had some problems reading without his glasses.

have a difficult time

She had a difficult time hiking up the mountain.

have a good time

They had a good time snorkeling.

have a hard time

She had a hard time explaining the situation.

have an easy time

She had an easy time selling the delicious cookies.

have a problem

Debbie had a problem understanding his accent.

have difficulty

Wanda had difficulty translating the letter by herself.

have no difficulty

They had no difficulty finding a discount flight to London.

have no problem

Francis had no problem getting from the airport to the hotel.

have fun

They had fun skiing.

waste one’s time

She always wastes her time playing video games.

It is no use/ there is no point (không có tác dụng gì)

It is no use/ There is no point recollecting a long – past sad story.

EXERCISE

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